What concept relates to actively reviewing and reinforcing prior knowledge?

The concept that relates to actively reviewing and reinforcing prior knowledge is retrieval practice. This learning strategy involves recalling information from memory, which strengthens the neural connections associated with that information. When learners engage in retrieval practice, they not only reinforce what they already know but also improve their ability to transfer that knowledge to new contexts and applications.

By frequently assessing oneself through quizzes, flashcards, or practice tests, individuals enhance their long-term retention of the material. This method is particularly effective because it motivates learners to engage with the content actively, as opposed to merely passively reviewing notes or reading texts. Retrieval practice has been shown through various studies to be one of the most effective ways to boost learning outcomes, as it promotes deeper understanding and memory retention compared to passive methods.

In contrast, decreased motivation, test anxiety, and passive learning do not contribute positively to the reinforcement of prior knowledge. While decreased motivation can hinder learning, test anxiety may negatively impact performance during assessment situations. Passive learning lacks the engagement and active recall necessary for effective reinforcement of knowledge.